Annual monitoring of arable soils of the Republic of Tatarstan in terms of mineral nitrogen supply
FSBI "CAS "Tatarsky" annually monitors the republic arable soils supply with mineral nitrogen. In 2024, spring nitrogen diagnostics were carried out in two zones - Predkamsk and Predvolzhskaya.
Early spring fertilizing with nitrogen is the most effective way of using nitrogen fertilizers on winter grain crops, carried out early in the spring during the tillering phase. The payback of 1 kg of nitrogen in spring fertilizing is approximately two times higher than pre-sowing application and amounts to 10-20 kg of grain. The effectiveness of this technique is largely determined by correctly set doses of fertilizing.
There is an inverse relationship between the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of grain crops and the degree of their supply with mineral nitrogen. The lower the content of mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer in early spring, the more effective the effect of nitrogen fertilizers and the higher the increase in grain yield.
Having information on the quantitative indicators of the content of mineral nitrogen in the soil, and taking into account their dependence on various factors (soil cultivation, yield of the previous year, weeds, predecessor, weather conditions), it is possible to calculate the level of the expected harvest, as well as in which fields additional nitrogen fertilizers is required , necessary for the formation of one or another level of productivity.
According to the association “Elite Seeds of Tatarstan”, the condition of winter grain crops is assessed as good 26% and satisfactory – 74%, which reflects the general picture in the republic, where there are no good predecessors.
According to the results of diagnostics performed by specialists from the Federal State Budgetary Institution "CAS" Tatarsky", the nitrogen content in the topsoil varies from 24 to 93 kg/ha, depending on the above factors. For the farms under study, this is as follows: in Apastovsky - 93 kg/ha ; Buinsky - 40; Kamsko-Ustinsky - 53; Baltasinsky - 24; Mamadyshsky - 57; Agryzsky - 50 kg/ha.
Taking into account the peculiarities of the year and the fact that winter grain crops mostly went into winter in the awl phase, fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers is a stimulator for crop growth, promotes tillering, an increase in vegetative mass and, ultimately, the formation of a good harvest.
Of the two most common nitrogen fertilizers in our country (ammonium nitrate and urea), it is preferable to use the first one for spring feeding.