Highly adapted varieties of winter rye were developed in the SFBI “Tatar Science and Research Institute for Agriculture”

Currently there is a great concern in the republic about the situation with the sowing of winter crops. It is necessary to pull out all the stops to sow 600-650 thousand ha with winter crops.

Winter crops are better in using autumn-winter and spring deposits of moisture and minerals in the soil, they reduce tension of the spring sowing campaign. Ripening and harvesting of winter crops are 8-10 earlier than those of winter crops, which enables to prepare the soil more properly for other crops and to sow postharvest crops.

As a rule, winter crops failure happens where there were serious mistakes in agricultural engineering during the sowing campaign. It is necessary to remember that 70% of success in winter crops harvest is founded before sowing and during sowing. That is why a strict technological discipline is so important.

Winter crops seeds of the current year differ by a lower weight of 1,000 grains (by 10-20%). However, the main characteristic of seeds is not the weight of 1,000 grains but their field viability, so adjustment of technological approaches to the lowered seed weight is not carried out. Seeds need to be treated with the necessary protectants and stimulant fertilizers.

For seedling emergence there is a need for the productive moistness of 0-10 cm and not less than 10-12 cm in the soil.

According to the data of the FSBI “Tatar Science and Research Institute for Agriculture”, tillering began 10-15 days after seedlings appeared in moisty years (productive moisture in the tilth-top soil was 26-33 mm), and 15-25 days after seedlings appeared in dry years (16-20 mm). It depends on the winter crops’ seed absorbability.

Water uptake of wheat is 34-44, rye – 46-60, triticale – 42-60.

The decisive role in good harvest belongs to the variety. Choosing the variety one should give preference to the regional varieties of selection because they are developed in the soil-and-climatic conditions which are more typical and natural for the conditions of the republic and where they will be cultivated. These varieties are more winter-resistant, have better quality indicators and are less sensitive to the soil fertility.

In the FSBI “Tatar Science and Research institute for Agriculture” scientists developed highly adapted varieties of winter rye, which were recommended for cultivation in the Volga region, the Volga-Vyatka region and the North region: Radon and Tantana. Seeds of these varieties are in great demand among agricultural producers and are ready for distribution.