Marat Zyabbarov shared the secrets of the peak harvest and announced innovations in subsidizing crop production
In crop production, the goal was to ensure a 5% increase in 2020. The plan was fulfilled by 106.6%. The average yield is 31.2 centners per hectare. This is 4.0 c higher than in 2019.
Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan - Minister of Agriculture and Food of Tatarstan Marat Zyabbarov said during the final meeting of the ministry that the high results of the industry were influenced by compliance with technologies:
- the introduction of mineral fertilizers was brought to 65.5 kg of ai. (+7.7 kg a.i. by 2019);
- sowing of original and elite grain wedge seeds reached 37%;
- protective measures were taken on an area of over 3 million hectares;
- the area of foliar feeding increased - 1.5 million hectares;
- liming of acidic soils on an area of 87 thousand hectares or 108% of the plan.
- additionally 3 thousand hectares of irrigated land were commissioned.
In crop production last year, agricultural producers received 3.4 billion rubles of state support funds. Today, there is still a number of issues:
- low natural potential of arable land (from 13 to 18 c / ha in grain);
- its high erosion rate.
The Ministry is completing the development of the program "Soil conservation, fertility increase and rational use of agricultural land in the Republic of Tatarstan." But in a number of areas, districts, farms and investors can and should start work without waiting for the acceptance of the program.
The first is land conservation.
Planting of gully-gully and field-protective forest plantations. This year, more than a thousand kilometers of problem areas and ravines will be surrounded by forest plantations.
Use of Mini-Till and No-Till technologies or anti-erosion soil treatment on arable land with a slope of more than 5 degrees.
Use of "five in one" technology, which means the combination of several operations in one pass. By optimizing a number of technological operations, we will save money, reduce the need for traction and, most importantly, preserve moisture in the soil as much as possible.
Also, to reduce the load on arable land, from this year, tractors with a capacity of over 200 hp will be subsidized. In the next 3 years, it is necessary to transfer all equipment working on arable land to dual wheels.
The second serious direction is increasing soil fertility.
- Introducing more organic matter into the soil. The first is manure. Livestock breeding provides 3.5 million tons of this fertilizer annually. The second is the siderates. It is planned to sow all pairs (over 300 thousand hectares) with green manure. This will improve the structure of the soil, its biota and accumulate more than 300 kg of active substance or over 12 thousand rubles / ha of fertilizers with direct costs less than 1.0 thousand rubles / ha.
Liming the soil. Proven effectiveness. For example, "Agrosila" has been sowing green manure crops in pairs for more than 5 years. On an area of over 35 thousand hectares, it limed and applied organic fertilizers. It has a winter crops yield by 45% higher than the average republican. In 2020, 87 thousand hectares were harvested in the republic. While maintaining federal support, we aim to significantly increase the liming area.
- Reaping crops, that is, sowing crops immediately after the combine. By the end of September, more than 150 kg of diesel fuel had been accumulated, amounting to about 8 thousand rubles. The area for these crops should occupy at least 10% of the grain wedge.
- Treatment of contaminated soil. Infection with pathogens must be treated using scientifically based crop rotations, biological agents and microorganisms.
- Correct cultivation of perennial grasses. We have about 500 thousand hectares of perennial grasses. 13% of crops are old-aged. We are planning to switch to a 4-year cycle of use. For this, over 100 thousand hectares of perennial grasses must be renewed annually. The issues of seed production in the whole republic have been resolved.
- Multiple plant nutrition, combined with protective measures. For the quality of work, stationary mortar complexes are needed. By installing them in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan, you can get 30% more funds under the item for mineral fertilizers.
In the republic, it is necessary to enter the processing area of 5.8 million hectares. Already a number of farms cultivate crops in excess of the established rate and receive up to 1 ton of additional grain per hectare. The republic can receive about 10 billion rubles of additional revenue.
The limiting factor in the treatment of crops is the technical equipment of the sprayers. The President of the Republic has agreed to subsidize 50% of the cost of self-propelled sprayers, with a subsidy limit up to 4 million rubles for 1 unit.
“The production of organic products is more and more in demand within the population. About ten enterprises have begun preparatory work for the production of organic products. Within the framework of the exhibition, the first certificate of conformity was awarded and this year we are already waiting for the results, ”said Marat Zyabbarov.
Also, the minister noted that the effective work of federal structures is important: the State Vort Commission, Rosselkhoztsentr, Agrochemical Services, a division of the Kazan Federal Research Center. But the technical equipment does not meet the necessary requirements. To provide these organizations with modern technology and equipment, the President of the Republic allocated 100 million rubles. The equipment has already arrived at their sites.
The task for 2021 in crop production is to ensure a 5% growth in the gross output of the agriculture industry, while reducing the cost.