Tatarstan scientists conducted a study of grain yield of new varieties under the influence of unfavorable environmental factors
Scientists of the TatNIISH-separate structural subdivision of the Federal Research Center "KazSC RAS" under the leadership of the head of the winter crops breeding department Mira Ponomareva studied the features of the productivity and grain quality of new varieties of grain crops (winter and spring wheat, winter rye) under the influence of unfavorable environmental factors and elements of technology cultivation. The study became the winner of the competition of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan among scientific research and development in the field of agro-industrial complex.
For the development, the results of experimental studies of yield and quality characteristics of grain of spring soft wheat varieties Sitara, Yoldyz, Balkysh and Barakat, winter soft wheat varieties Universiade, Saban, Darina, Nadezhda and winter rye varieties Tantana, Podarok, Zilant were used.
In the course of the research, various agricultural methods of these crops were experimentally substantiated. Among them are the seeding rates of spring wheat, fertilizing and fungicidal protection of varieties of winter and spring wheat to obtain a stable yield and high quality grain. The regularities of the formation of productivity, resistance to diseases and indicators of the quality of grain in the conditions of the republic were revealed, taking into account which the methods of varietal agricultural technology were proposed, included in the agricultural passport for the cultivation of new varieties of wheat and rye. It was found that in the years of epiphytotics of aerogenic infections, due to fungicidal protection, depending on the variety, the yield of spring wheat was from 0.23 to 0.72 t / ha.
For example, the treatment of plants of the Yoldyz variety with biological products and the Kredo fungicide did not give a reliable increase in yield, but improved the technological qualities of the grain. The use of protective (fungicide Title Duo) and fertilizing agro-methods (Batr preparations, urea) during the growing season significantly increased the efficiency of using the biological potential of productivity, significantly increased the yield, technological and baking qualities of winter wheat grain of the Universiade variety. The Batr MaX preparation increased grain yield by 10.9%, with additional fungicidal treatment - by 9.54%. The combined use of two preparations of the Batr brand led to an increase in yield by 0.43 t / ha and an improvement in the quality of winter wheat grain, with additional fungicidal protection against leaf diseases, the grain reached the restrictive norms of strong wheat.
The study is aimed at determining the importance of introducing the developed techniques to increase yields, profitability and competitiveness of the production of high-quality wheat and rye grain on the farms of the republic. A further increase in the yield and quality of grain will be facilitated by the new highly adaptive varieties proposed for production in conjunction with advanced agricultural methods of their cultivation.